

1891.] Vivisection. 865 
air, as had been previously supposed. How else than by the 
process of vivisection could he have made this wonderful dis- 
covery ? 
Let me cite a few of the principal benefits that have accrued to 
physiology, and hence to the art of healing, by means of vivi- 
section. By this course of procedure the doctrine of the circula- 
tion of the blood, the lymphatic circulation through the lymphatic 
vessels, and that of chyle through the lacteals, were established. 
Thus also our present knowledge of the nervous system and its 
functions is due to vivisection, since these facts could not have 
been obtained by the most minute anatomical research. Our 
present rational modes of treating epilepsy and the various forms 
of paralysis are due to the experiments of Brown-Sequard, 
Bernard, and others, upon the living animals, 
The causes of the sounds of the heart would never have been 
understood without vivisectional experiments, and the stethoscope 
would have been useless in the diagnoses of cardiac diseases. 
The true nature of diabetes was thus discovered. 
The Hunterian treatment of aneurism by ligature is the result 
of experiments upon the living animal. 
The study and application of anzsthetics, one of the greatest 
boons to mankind, could be pursued only by experiments upon 
` the living animal. Who would regret the suffocation of even 
greater numbers of animals when he considers the amount of 
agony and misery saved to man ? 
If there be a solution—and doubtless there is one—of such 
questions as the best method of restoring to life one apparently 
drowned, the restoration of one suffering from apparently fatal 
effects of chloroform, why chloroform kills, etc., who would 
regret the sacrifice of the animals necessary for these solutions ? 
What have been the results of vivisectional experiments during 
the last century? By means of vivisection the great French 
chemist and bacteriologist, Pasteur, discovered his wonderful 
preventive inoculative treatment of hydrophobia. 
Dr. Austin Flint, Jr., proved that the liver is an excretory as 
well as a secretory organ. By comparing the blood drawn from 
the carotid arteries of a dog with that contained in the jugular 
