
1891.] Vivisection. : 867 
supervision and instruction of a licensed vivisector at his labora- 
_ tory, and under his personal observation. 
Let Congress authorize the President of the United States to 
appoint a board of examiners for the purpose of examining appli- 
cants for the position of vivisector. Of course such applicants 
would be no other than expert scientists, microscopists, pathol- 
ogists, and histologists. Let such a licensed vivisector be con- 
nected with every reputable medical college having a pathological 
and histological laboratory. 
I am a strong advocate of anticruelty societies, but ‘at the 
same time I believe that man has the first claim upon humanity. 
If the suffering of mankind can be alleviated, is it not cruel to 
refuse relief ? 
If the practice of vivisection is properly regulated the suffering 
of the animal can be greatly diminished. Let the work be done 
scientifically, with dexterity, ingenuity, and skill, and whenever it 
is possible let the animal be placed under the influence of an 
anesthetic, chloroform or ether. 
I have had the opportunity of studying the process of vivi- 
section and its results, during my sojourn in Europe, at Virchow’s 
laboratory, Berlin, Rokitansky’s laboratory, Vienna, Pasteur’s labor- 
atory, Paris, and the Von Recklinghausen laboratory, Strassburg, 
and I have witnessed several thousand vivisections, and in each 
and every instance I came to the conclusion that vivisection is a 
necessary procedure, and of paramount importance in the study 
of medicine and surgery, their kindred and contributing branches. 
It is simply impossible to obtain a practical knowledge of physi- 
ology, histology, etc., without vivisection. 
To prove that my assertions are correct, and based upon scien- 
tific principles, I will narrate a few practical cases in medicine and 
surgery in which by no other means than vivisection were the 
scientists able to demonstrate to the medical profession of the 
whole world that a certain medicine, or a certain described surgi- 
cal operation, is necessary to save the patient and insure a speedy 
and complete cure. 
Let us consider, first, surgery. The various surgical operations 
and procedures, especially as to their technique, have been 

