956 The American Naturalist. [November, 
thought develop together and symmetrically, then the voluble 
Blind Tom should be a pundit instead of the idiot which he is. 
The ability to write may be taken away from us by disease and 
the faculty for speaking be left unimpaired ; and per contra aphasia, 
or speech interference, may exist without agraphia, or the loss of 
the ability to write. These facts alone tend to disprove Max 
Miiller’s dicta. But much more can be added. . In the disease 
called chorea or St. Vitus’s dance, if the derangement of the 
motions begins on the left side the speech is not affected until the 
right side also of the body is diseased. Although in a very 
severe case of chorea in a young lady of twenty two the patient 
told me that her thoughts were perfectly clear until she attempted 
to speak, and’ then she became confused, this does not indicate 
that her thoughts and speech were inseparable, but that when she 
voluntarily attempted to translate her thoughts into speech the 
want of coordination produced mental confusion, and conse- 
quently speech inability. The maniac thinks too fast to be able 
= to connect his words intelligently. It is a pernicious notion that 
ideas depend upon words; but “ object teaching ” alone disproves 
it. The senses may know things better than words can express 
them. We know that we can understand objects better by seeing, 
feeling, etc., rather than by description. Words indicate things ; 
but we have to understand what those words mean first, showing 
that understanding precedes words. Language may in some 
increase the capacity for higher thought, but language cultivation 
alone does not increase thoughtfulness. The gymnast is not a 
watchmaker or pianist, nor is the elocutionist an originator. The 
. talking ability of the parrot may be cultivated to its highest 
extent, but that bird will remain as thoughtless as any of his dumb 
ancestry. ` ; 
When the Holit side of the body is paralyzed the speech ability 
is usually lost at the same time, and the mind may or may not be 
involved; but when the left side is paralyzed the speech is not 
impaired unless the patient is left handed, and the mind is less 
apt to be affected in left-sided paralysis. 
~ An arm, a leg, one side of the face may be paralyzed, with or- 
R aeS EES from 1 brain, dejong, PET apn = : 

