1891.] Archeology and Ethnology. 1031 
ARCHEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY.! 
The International Congress of Anthropology and Pre- 
historic Archeology of Paris, 1889.—( Continued from page 844.) 
—SEANCE LIBRE. eaten ee Question: ‘* The Existence of 
Man During the Tertiary Perio 
M. Boule presented a photeeraph of the under jaw of the Dryopithe- 
cus fontani, found in the Miocene of Saint-Gaudens, Haute Garonne. 
M. Delgado, at the head of the Museum of Archeology at Lisbon, 
presented a collection of flints gathered at Otta, Portugal ; thirty came 
from the Tertiary sandstone and twenty-four came from the surface, and 
the discussion turned to the existence of man during the Tertiary epoch. 
He contended that those from the deposit at Otta were really and truly 
Tertiary, but that the pieces of flint from the surface correspond to 
those which had been found at Otta by Ribeiro, and, consequently, 
they were not those which came from the Tertiary. 
M. Gabriel de Mortillet praised the method of searching which M. 
Delgado had pursued. The fact that M. Delgado had once been 
unable to find the worked ints in the Tertiary deposit proved nothing 
to his mind, for these worked silex were comparatively rare. There 
had never been many of them found, and the series such as presented 
by M. Delgado of twenty-four were about as much any one had been 
able to find. In the richest deposits of the Quaternary period one 
can search for days and days and cubic meter after cubic meter of the 
gravels without finding a single instrument therein, and yet this work, 
if continued long enough and extended over sufficient territory, as is 
done in the railroad and canal cuttings at Chelles and at Saint-Acheul, 
demonstrated the fact that they are in existence in these deposits by 
the hundreds and even by the thousands. 
A lengthy discussion ensued over the methods employed by prehis- 
toric man in the working of silex, illustrated by drawings by M. A. de 
Mortillet, criticised by others, showing the cracking of flint by the 
heat of the sun, exposure to the air, by fire, by percussion, and 
by pressure. M. Docteur Capitan presented a full series of the 
implements used, and gave a practical demonstration of the methods 
employed. He had the percuteur or hammer with and without the 
intervention of a punch, which might be by stroke, direct or indirect, 
as the anvil, the nucleus, the flake. The primary work was done usually 
l Edited by Dr, Thomas Wilson, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 
Am. Nat.—November.—6. 


