

1891.] Archeology and Ethnology. 1035 
, Under this stalagmitic layer was a second ossiferous bed, usually red 
from the presence of iron ore, many fragments of which were found. 
Here occurred the following fauna: Rhinoceros tichorhinus, abun- 
dan; Eguus cabalius (horse), very common; Cervus elaphus (red 
deer); Cervus canadensis? (elk); Cervus megaceros (Irish elk); 
Cervus tarandus; Ovis artes (sheep); Bos primigenius (bison) ; Bos 
priscus (aurochs); Elephas primigenius (mammoth), very abundant ; 
Ursus speleus (cave bear), scarce ; Meles taxus (badger) ; Canis vulpes 
(fox); Canis lupus? (wolf), familaris? (dog); Mustela foina 
(weasel) ; Hyena spelea (cave hyena), very abundant; Felis spelea 
(cave lion), a few teeth; Felis catus (cat) ; Sus scrofa (pig). These 
determinations are due to M. Fraipont, professor of paleontology at 
the University of Liége. Numerous hearths were also found on this 
layer, composed of stones, and containing burnt wood and ashes. 
The materials used by the old inhabitants of this grotto were flint, 
phthanite, sandstone, chalcedony, opal, ivory, bone, and horn, and 
the total number of implements obtained was very large. There are 
140 ‘‘ Mousterien’’ points, most of them thick at the base and not 
intended for setting in handles, whose average dimensions are four 
inches long by three inches wide ; a number of fine flakes and awls, 
and arrows or dart-heads, of very fine workmanship, some of them 
five inches long, resembling in type the ‘‘solutreén ’’ implements of 
the Dordogne, a single small core from which flakes have been taken, 
and numerous blocks rejected on account of some defect after a flake 
or two had been struck off, and 300 scrapers of various size and types. 
Implements, etc., of ivory were more numerous in this layer than in 
any other cave in Belgium. Chips were so abundant as to form a 
breccia in one place. The objects found were for the most part for 
dress or ornament, and the material had often degenerated into a 
chalky substance. Many of them were unfinished, or the different 
stages of manufacture were revealed. Some of them were marked with 
Striations, as was also the case with the implements of horn and of 
bone found with the ivory. On a rib of the mammoth or rhinoceros 
was found a series of ‘‘ circumflex accents’’ ranged one above another, 
of which a figure is given in the pamphlet. One hollow horn was 
filled and stained with iron oxide, and is supposed by M. Lohest to 
have been a receptacle of this material for coloring the persons or the 
implements of the cavern. These with four fragments of pottery, 
und by another investigator, complete the list of relics from the 
second ossiferous layer. 

