1036 | The American Naturalist. [November, 
The third contains a fauna, so far as it goes, identical with that of 
the second bed. Rhinoceros tichorhinus, abundant ; Equus caballus, 
very abundant; Cervus elaphus, rare; Cervus tarandus, rare; Bos 
primigenius, common ; Elephas primigenius, common ; Ursus speleus, 
rare; Meles taxus, rare; Hyena sfelea, abundant. In this be 
were found, as in the other, abundance of flint implements, but 
somewhat different in form and material from those above mentioned. 
The great interest of this layer, and, indeed, of the whole find, is the 
discovery not only of the works of man, but of man himself, in the form 
of two partial skeletons, one skull of which is nearly complete. This, 
of course, forms the central point of M. Lohest’s paper, and he justly 
goes into detail concerning it. We will condense his account, written 
by Dr. Fraipont : 
‘« The human relics belong to the most ancient fossil race, that of 
Neanderthal or of Canstadt. The skulls, fairly complete, present all 
the ethnic characters of that race, whose remains are known from 
France, Italy, Austria, Germany, and Sweden. Hitherto only a single 
jaw has been obtained from a cave (Naulette) in Belgium.”’ 
One of these skulls is apparently that of an old woman ; the other 
that of a middle-aged man. They are both very thick, The former is 
clearly dolichocephalic (index 70), the other less so. Both have very 
prominent eyebrows and large orbits, with low, retreating foreheads, 
excessively so in the woman. ‘The lower jaws are heavy ; the oldest 
has almost no projecting chin. The teeth are large, and the last molar 
is as large as the others. These points are characteristic of an inferior 
and the oldest-known race. The bones indicate, like those of Neander- 
thal and Naulette, small, square-shouldered individuals. M. Lohest 
adds : 
‘ The skeletons from Spy ate among the most important discoveries 
relating to the oldest-known race of men. The cave shows three 
ossiferous layers, and remains of the mammoth occur in all three. 
Stone implements chipped only on one face indicate the ‘ Mousterien ’ 
type of industry. 
“The relics of the three layers indicate an advance in the character 
of the workmanship. 
‘ The second layer, by its association of chipped tools with ornaments 
of ivory and bone, shows its close relationship to the ‘ Mousterien’ 
type, and, at the same time, is free from all mopon of accidental 
mixture. 
‘ The study of the bones of the lowest level proves beyond doubt 
that the earliest race of men as yet known in Belgium had a skull of 

Nie st, Sp EA 
