1060 The American Naturalist. [December, 
species of Brefeld’s new genus, Oligoporus, have special chlamy- 
dosporic fruits distinct from their hymenial fruit body, which have 
been long ‘known under the generic name Ptychogaster or Cerio- 
myces. In cultures of some species, notably inthe case of Fistu/ina 
hepatica, branching aérial hyphz produce clusters of chlamydo- 
spores almost indistinguishable from conidiophores with conidia. 
And in nature it becomes sometimes practically impossible to say 
whether a given accessory fruit form is morphologically conidial 
or chlamydosporic. In Mucor racemosus and allied forms, in 
which this secondary fruit form is typically present, and which 
Brefeld proposes to separate under the generic name Chlamydo- 
mucor, it may readily be seen that Oidia and true chlamydospores 
represent modifications of the same form. The chlamydospore, 
then, is morphologically independent of and secondary to other 
fruit forms, although it frequently becomes the physiological equi- 
valent of any, and may largely suppress and replace others by 
being introduced into the primary cycle at any stage in the de- 
velopment of the fungus. 
The Uredinez have been mentioned above among the families of 
Protobasidiomycetes which have transversely divided basidia and 
lateral spores. This view of the so-called “ promycelium ” and 
“ sporidia” which are developed at the germination of the “ teleu- 
tospores ” is an old one, which has been gaining ground in recent 
years, and is now emphasized by Brefeld as the most tenable and 
philosophical one. The three spore forms, ecidiospores, uredo- 
spores, and teleutospores, are regarded as different forms of chlamy- 
dospores, which reach their highest development in this group, 
and, in the teleutosporic stages of Gymnosporangium and Cron- 
artium, look toward the differentiation of a fruit body and connect 
with the Auriculariez. It is pointed out that various Autobasi- 
diomycetes produce both Oidia and true chlamydospores, and that 
the intermediate sterile cells found between the latter occur also 
in the spore-chains of Cæoma. While the germination of the 
other forms is purely vegetative, the teleutospore gives rise to a 
basidium which is typically four-spored, the one-spored condition 
in Coleosporium being paralleled by that in Kneiffia of the Hyd- 
nee. Our author believes that in this fructificative germination 


