


1891.] The Vermilion-Spotted Newt. 1105 
87. The Batrachia of North America, Bulletin of the U. S. National 
Museum, No. 34. Letter of transmittal, February, 1887, published 1889. 
There is given the life-history so far as was known, as well as the zoologi- 
cal position of the different American forms. 
CLaus, C.—’82. Grundzüge der Zoologie. Marburg, 1882. In Vol. IL, 
pp. 256, 257 are given notes on breeding habits of European Tritons. 
Claus, C., and SEDGWICK, A.— 84. Elementary Text-Book of Zoology. 
London, 1884. In Vol. II. are given notes on the breeding habits of Euro- 
ean salamanders. 
CZERMAK, J. J.——'43. Beitrage zur Anat. und Physiol. des schwar zen Sal- 
amanders, in den med. Jahrb. des österr. Staates. Bd. XLV., 1843, p. 8. 
Siebold and Zer ('58, p. 472) and Czermak show that Se/amandra atra may 
bring forth more than one brood for a single fertilization. 
De Kay, J. E.—’42. Natural History of New York. Zoology; Part III., 
Reptiles and Amphibia. Albany, 1842. Describes red form as two 
species (Salamandra coccinea, p. 81, and as S. symmetrica, p. 73), and puts 
the viridescent form in a different genus (77tfon cries See 
synonym 
y. 
DUMERIL et BIBRON.—'41. Erpétologie Générele Complète des Reptiles. 
Tome VIII., Paris, 1841. See synonymy. 
Fatio, V.—’72. Faune des vertebres de la Suisse. Vol. II., p. 454 Geneve 
et Bale, 1872. States that Triton of Europe may give off spermatophores 
when isolated. 
GAGE, S. H.—’85. The Epithelium in the Mouth of Necturus and Meno- 
poma A Proc. Amer. Soc. Microscopists, 1885, pp. 126, 
127; the Microscope, Vol. V. (1885), pp. 210, 211. It is shown that the 
Spanien | in the mouth of these two animals is stratified and non-ciliated. 
o. Combined Aërial and Aquatic Respiration in Amphibia, and the 
Function of the External Gill ders Hatched on Land. Proc. Amer. 
Asso. Adv. Sci., Vol. XX XIX. (1890), p. 337. See Gaan | in "86, '88. 
Gace, S. H. and GAGE, SUSANNA P.—’85. A Contribution to the Physi- 
ology of Respiration in Vertebrates. Proc. Amer. Asso. Adv. Sci., Vol. 
XXXIV. (1885), pp. 316-318; AMERICAN NATURALIST (1886), pp. 233-236; 
Science, Vol. VI. (1885), p. 225 ; Scientific American supplement, Nov. 14th, 
(1885), p. 8230; Biologisches straan. Bd. IV. (1886-'87), pp. 213, 214. 
It is shown in this paper that the soft-shelled turtles (Amyda and Aspino- 
dectes) have a mixed or combined Aérial and Aquatic respiration, and that 
the carbon dioxide is largely given off to the water, while the oxygen is 
largely derived from the air. 
’86. Pharyngeal Respiratory Movements of Adult Amphibia Under 
Water. Science, Vol. VII. (1886), p. 395- Report of the discovery that in 
Diemyctylus there is a rythmical filling and emptying of the pharynx while 
under water as in soft-shelled turtles. 
Am. Nat.—December.—s. 5 



