TROPHIES. 47 



and elsewhere to the killing of dogs as guides; is a belief 

 which, in many places, initiates the kindred belief that, by 

 placing portions of bodies on his tomb, the men and animals 

 they belonged to are made subject to the deceased. We 

 are shown this by the bones of cattle, &c., with which graves 

 are in many cases decorated; by the placing on graves the 

 heads of enemies or slaves, as above indicated; and by a 

 like use of the scalp. Concerning the Osages, Mr. Tylor 

 cites the fact that they sometimes &quot; plant on the cairn raised 

 over a corpse a pole with an enemy s scalp hanging to the 

 top. Their notion was that by taking an enemy and sus 

 pending his scalp over the grave of a deceased friend, the 

 spirit of the victim became subjected to the spirit of the 

 buried warrior in the land of spirits.&quot; The Ojibways have 

 a like practice, of which a like idea is probably the cause. 



355. A collateral development of trophy-taking, which, 

 eventually has a share in governmental regulation, must 

 not be forgotten. I refer to the display of parts of the bod 

 ies of criminals. 



In our more advanced minds the enemy, the criminal, 

 and the slave, are well discriminated; but they are little 

 discriminated by the primitive man. Almost or quite 

 devoid as he is of the feelings and ideas we call moral 

 holding by force whatever he owns, wresting from a weaker 

 man the woman or other object he has possession of, 

 killing his own child without hesitation if it is an incum- 

 brance, or his wife if she offends him, and sometimes 

 proud of being a recognized killer of his fellow-tribesmen; 

 the savage has no distinct ideas of right and wrong in 

 the abstract. The immediate pleasures or pains they give 

 are his sole reasons for classing things and acts as good 

 or bad. Hence hostility, and the injuries he suffers from 

 it, excite in him the same feeling whether the aggressor 

 is without the tribe or within it: the enemy and the felon 

 are undistinguished. This confusion, now seeming 



