CEREMONY IN GENERAL. 19 



occurs with kindred meaning among the Coast Negroes, 

 the East Africans, the Dahomans. Joined with other acts 

 expressing welcome, the people of Batoka &quot; slap the out- 

 sides of their thighs; &quot; the Balonda people, besides clapping 

 their hands, sometimes &quot; in saluting, drum their ribs with 

 their elbows; &quot; while in Dahomey, and some kingdoms on 

 the Coast, snapping the fingers is one of the salutes. 

 Rhythmical muscular motions of the arms and hands, thus 

 expressing pleasure, real or pretended, in presence of an 

 other person, are not the only motions of this class : the legs 

 come into play. Children often &quot;jump for joy;&quot; and 

 occasionally adults may be seen to do the like. Saltatory 

 movements are therefore apt to grow into compliments. In 

 Loango &quot; many of the nobility salute the king by leaping 

 with great strides backward and forward two or three times 

 and swinging their arms.&quot; The Fuegians also, as the 

 United States explorers tell us, show friendship &quot; by jump 

 ing up and down.&quot; * 



Feeling, discharging itself, contracts the muscles of 

 the vocal organs, as well as other muscles. Here shouts, in 

 dicating joy in general, indicate the joy produced by meet 

 ing one who is beloved; and serve to give the appearance of 

 joy before one whose goodwill is sought. Among the Fiji- 

 ans, respect is &quot; indicated by the tama* which is a shout of 

 reverence uttered by inferiors when approaching a chief 

 or chief town.&quot; In Australia, as we have seen, loud 

 cooeys are made on coming within a mile of an encampment 



* In his Early History of Mankind (2nd cd. pp. 51-2), Mr. Tylor thus com 

 ments on such observances : &quot; The lowest class of salutations, which merely 

 aim at giving pleasant bodily sensations, merge into the civilities which we sec 

 exchanged among the lower animals. Such are patting, stroking, kissing, 

 pressing noses, blowing, sniffing, and so forth. . . . Natural expressions of 

 joy, such as clapping hands in Africa, and jumping up and down in Tierra del 

 Fuego, are made to do duty as signs of friendship or greeting.&quot; But, as in 

 dicated above, to give &quot; pleasant bodily sensations &quot; is not the aim of &quot; the 

 lowest class of salutations.&quot; Mr. Tylor has missed the physio-psychological 

 sources of the acts which initiate them. 



