MUTILATIONS. 65 



such occasions was consecrated to some god.&quot; Sacrifice of 

 hair was an act of worship with the Hebrews also. We are 

 told of &quot; fourscore men, having their beards shaven, and 

 their clothes rent, and having cut themselves, with offerings 

 and incense in their hand, to bring them to the house of the 

 Lord; &quot; and Krehl gives sundry kindred facts concerning 

 the Arabians. Curious modifications of the practice oc 

 curred in ancient Peru. Small sacrifices of hair were con 

 tinual. &quot; Another offering,&quot; writes d Acosta, is &quot; pulling 

 out the eye-lashes or eye-brows and presenting them to the 

 sun, the hills, the combles, the winds, or whatever they are 

 in fear of.&quot; &quot; On entering the temples, or when they were 

 already within them, they put their hands to their eyebrows 

 as if they would pull out the hairs, and then made a motion 

 as if they were blowing them towards the idol ; &quot; a good in 

 stance of the abridgment which ceremonies habitually un 

 dergo. 



One further development remains. This kind of sacri 

 fice becomes in some cases a social propitiation. Wreaths of 

 their own hair plaited, were bestowed upon others as marks 

 of consideration by the Tahitians. In France in the fifth 

 and sixth centuries, it was usual to pluck out a few hairs 

 from the beard on approaching a superior, and present 

 them; and this usage was occasionally adopted as a mark 

 of condescension by a ruler, as when Clovis, gratified by 

 the visit of the Bishop of Toulouse, gave him a hair from 

 his beard, and was imitated in so doing by his followers. 

 Afterwards the usage had its meaning obscured by abridg 

 ment. In the times of chivalry one mode of showing re 

 spect was to tug at the moustache. 



362. Already, when treating of trophies, and when 

 finding that those of the phallic class, major and minor, had 

 the same meanings as the rest, the way was opened to 

 explain the mutilations next to be dealt with. We have 

 seen that when the vanquished w r ere not killed but enslaved, 



