FORMS OF ADDRESS. 149 



Ramses II. his defeated foes preface their prayers for mercy 

 by the laudatory words &quot; Prince guarding the army, 

 valiant with the sword, bulwark of his troops in day of bat 

 tle, king mighty of strength, great Sovran, Sun powerful 

 in truth, approved of Ra, mighty in victories, Ramses Mia- 

 mon.&quot; Obviously there is no separation between such 

 praises uttered by the vanquished, and those afterwards 

 coming from them as a subject people. AVe pass without 

 break to glorifying words like those addressed to the king 

 of Siam &quot;Mighty and august lord! Divine Mercy!&quot; 

 &quot; The Divine Order! &quot; &quot; The Master of Life! &quot; &quot; Sover 

 eign of the Earth! &quot; or those addressed to the Sultan 

 &quot; The Shadow of God! &quot; &quot; Glory of the Universe! &quot; or those 

 addressed to the Chinese Emperor &quot;Son of Heaven! 7 

 &quot; The Lord of Ten Thousand Years! &quot; or those some years 

 since addressed by the Bulgarians to the emperor of Russia 

 &quot; O blessed Czar! &quot; &quot; Blissful Czar! &quot; &quot; Orthodox pow 

 erful Czar! &quot; or those with which, in the past, speeches to 

 the French monarch commenced &quot; O very benign! O 

 very great! O very merciful! &quot; And then along with these 

 propitiations by direct flattery, there go others in which the 

 flattery is indirectly conveyed by affected admiration of 

 whatever the ruler says; as when the courtiers of the king 

 of Delhi held up their hands crying Wonder, wonder! &quot; 

 after any ordinary speech; or in broad day, if he said it 

 was night, responded &quot; Behold the moon and the stars! &quot; 

 or as when Russians in past times exclaimed &quot; God and 

 the prince have willed! &quot; &quot; God and the prince know! &quot; 

 Eulogistic phrases first used to supreme men, descend to 

 men of less authority, and so downwards. Examples may 

 be taken from those current in France during the sixteenth 

 century to a cardinal, &quot; the very illustrious and very 

 reverend ; &quot; to a marquis, &quot; my very illustrious and much- 

 honoured lord; &quot; to a doctor, &quot; the virtuous and excellent. 7 

 And from our own past days may be added such compli 

 mentary forms of address as &quot; the right worshipful,&quot; to 

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