FORMS OF ADDRESS. 151 



COG. Into the complete obeisance we saw that there 

 enter two elements, one implying submission and the other 

 implying love; and into the complete form of address two 

 analogous elements enter. With words employed to pro 

 pitiate by abasing self or elevating the person addressed, or 

 both, are joined words suggestive of attachment to him 

 wishes for his life, health, and happiness. 



Professions of interest in another s well-being and good 

 fortune are, indeed, of earlier origin than professions of 

 subjection. Just as those huggings and kissings which 

 indicate liking are used as complimentary observances by 

 ungoverned, or little-governed, savages, who have no obei 

 sances; so, friendly speeches precede speeches expressing 

 subordination. By the Snake Indians, a stranger is accosted 

 with the words &quot; I am much pleased, I am much re 

 joiced; &quot; and among the Araucanians, whose social organ 

 ization, though more advanced, has not yet been developed 

 by militancy into the coercive type, the formality on meet 

 ing, which &quot; occupies ten or fifteen minutes,&quot; consists of 

 detailed inquiries about the welfare of each and his belong 

 ings, with elaborate felicitations and condolences. 



Of course this element of the salutation persists while 

 there grow up the acts and phrases expressing subjection. 

 We saw that along with servile obeisances, good wishes and 

 congratulations are addressed to a superior among Xegro 

 nations; and among the Fulahs and the Abyssinians they 

 are elaborate. It is in Asia, however, that the highest 

 developments of them occur. Beginning with such hyper 

 bolic speeches as &quot; O king, live for ever! &quot; we descend to 

 speeches between equals which, in like exaggerated ways, 

 signify great sympathy; as among the Arabs, who indicate 

 their anxiety by rapidly repeating &quot; Thank God, how are 

 you? &quot; for some minutes, and who, when well-bred, occa 

 sionally interrupt the subsequent conversation by again 

 asking &quot; How are you? &quot; or as among the Chinese, who 

 on an ordinary visiting billet write &quot; The tender and 



