CEREMONIAL RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT. 22o 



liked. In the one case, badges of subjection are thought 

 honourable and pleasure is taken in acts of homage; in the 

 other case, liveries come to be hated and there is reluctance 

 to use reverential forms approaching the obsequious. The 

 love of independence joins the love of truthfulness in gener 

 ating a repugnance to obeisances and phrases which express 

 subordination where none is internally acknowledged. 



The discipline of war, being a discipline in destruction 

 of life, is a discipline in callousness. Whatever sympathies 

 exist are seared ; and any that tend to grow up are checked. 

 This unsympathetic attitude which war necessitates, is main 

 tained by the coercive social co-operation which it initiates 

 and evolves. The subordination of slave by master, main 

 tained by use of whatever force is needful to secure services 

 however unwilling, implies repression of fellow-feeling. 

 This repression of fellow-feeling is also implied by insisting 

 on forms of homage. To delight in receiving cringing obei 

 sances shows lack of sympathy with another s dignity; and 

 with the development of a freer social type and accompany 

 ing increase of sympathy, there grows up on the part of su 

 periors a dislike to these extreme manifestations of subjec 

 tion corning from inferiors. &quot; Put your bonnet to its right 

 use, 7 says Hamlet to Osric, standing bareheaded: showing 

 us that in Shakespeare s day, there had arisen the fellow- 

 feeling which produced displeasure on seeing another hum 

 ble himself too much. And this feeling, increasing as the 

 industrial type evolves, makes more repugnant all cere 

 monial forms which overtly express subordination. 



Once more, originating in societies which have the glory 

 of victory in war as a dominant sentiment, developed cere 

 mony belongs to a social state in which love of applause is 

 the ruling social motive. But as fast as industrialism re 

 places militancy, the sway of this ego-altruistic sentiment 

 becomes qualified by the growing altruistic sentiment; and 

 with an increasing respect for others claims, there goes a 

 decreasing eagerness for distinctions which by implication 



