220 CEREMONIAL INSTITUTIONS. 



subordinate them. Sounding titles, adulatory forms of 

 address, humble obeisances, gorgeous costumes, badges, 

 privileges of precedence, and the like, severally minister to 

 the desire to be regarded with actual or simulated admira 

 tion. But as fast as the wish to be exalted at .the cost of 

 humiliation to others, is checked by sympathy, the appetite 

 for marks of honour, becoming less keen, is satisfied with, 

 and even prefers, more subdued indications of respect. 



So that in various ways the moral character natural to 

 the militant type of society, fosters ceremony; while the 

 moral character natural to the industrial type is unfavour 

 able to it. 



431. Before stating definitely the conclusions, already 

 foreshadowed, that are to be drawn respecting the future 

 of ceremony, we have to note that its restraints not only 

 form a part of the coercive regime proper to those lower so 

 cial types characterized by predominant militancy, but also 

 that they form part of a discipline by which men are adapt 

 ed to a higher social life. 



While the antagonistic or anti-social emotions in men, 

 have that predominance which is inevitable while war is 

 habitual, there must be tendencies, great and frequent, to 

 words and acts generating enmity and endangering social 

 coherence. Hence the need for prescribed forms of behav 

 iour which, duly observed, diminish the risk of quarrels. 

 Hence the need for a ceremonial rule rigorous in proportion 

 as the nature is selfish and explosive. 



l^ot d priori only , but d posteriori, it is inferable that 

 established observances have the function of educating, in 

 respect of its minor actions, the anti-social nature into a 

 form fitted for social life. Of the Japanese, living for these 

 many centuries under an unmitigated despotism, castes se 

 verely restricted, sanguinary laws, and a ceremonial system 

 rigorous and elaborate, there has arisen a character which, 

 while described by Mr. Rundell as &quot; haughty, vindictive, 



