, CEREMONIAL RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT. 227 



and licentious/ 7 yet prompts a behaviour admirable in its 

 suavity, Mr. Cornwallis asserts that amiability and an un 

 ruffled temper are the universal properties of the women 

 in Japan; and by Mr. Drummond they are credited with a 

 natural grace which it is impossible to describe. Among 

 the men, too, the sentiment of honour, based upon that re 

 gard for reputation to which ceremonial observance largely 

 appeals, carries them to great extremes of consideration. 

 Another verifying fact is furnished by another despotical 

 ly-governed and highly ceremonious society, Russia. Cus- 

 tine says &quot; If fear renders the men serious, it also renders 

 them extremely polite. I have never elsewhere seen so 

 many men of all classes treating each other with such re 

 spect.&quot; Kindred, if less pronounced, examples of this con 

 nexion are to be found in Western countries. The Italian, 

 long subject to tyrannical rule, and in danger of his life if 

 he excites the vengeful feelings of a fellow-citizen, is distin 

 guished by his conciliatory manner. In. Spain, where gov 

 ernmental dictation is unlimited, where women are harshly 

 treated, and where &quot; no labourer ever walks outside his door 

 without his knife,&quot; there is extreme politeness. Contrari 

 wise our own people, long living under institutions which 

 guard them against serious consequences from giving 

 offence, greatly lack suavity, and show a comparative in 

 attention to minor civilities. 



Both deductively and inductively, then, we see that 

 ceremonial government is one of the agencies by which so 

 cial co-operation is facilitated among those whose natures 

 are in large measure anti-social. 



432. And this brings us to the general truth that 

 within each embodied set of restraining agencies the cere 

 monial as well as the political and ecclesiastical which grow 

 out of it there gradually evolves, a special kind of disem 

 bodied control, which eventually becomes independent. 



Political government, having for its original end subor- 



