POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IN GENERAL. 257 



part, and taking from the strength of the part regulated, 

 but also by producing in citizens thoughts and feelings 

 in harmony with the resulting structure, and out of har 

 mony with anything substantially different. Both 

 France and Germany exemplify this truth. M. Comte, while 

 looking forward to an industrial state, was so swayed by 

 the conceptions and likings appropriate to the French form 

 of society, that his scheme of organization for the ideal 

 future, prescribes arrangements characteristic of the militant 

 type, and utterly at variance with the industrial type. 

 Indeed, he had a profound aversion to that individualism 

 which is a product of industrial life and gives the character 

 to industrial institutions. So, too, in Germany, we see that 

 the socialist party, who are regarded and who regard them 

 selves as wishing to re-organize society entirely, are so in 

 capable of really thinking away from the social type under 

 which they have been nurtured, that their proposed social 

 system is in essence nothing else than a new form of the 

 system they would destroy. It is a system under which life 

 and labour are to be arranged and superintended by public 

 instrumentalities, omnipresent like those which already exist 

 and no less coercive : the individual having his life even 

 more regulated for him than now. 



While, then, the absence of settled arrangements negatives 

 cooperation, yet cooperation of a higher kind is hindered by 

 the arrangements which facilitate cooperation of a lower 

 kind. Though without established connexions among parts, 

 there can be no combined actions ; yet the more extensive 

 and elaborate such connexions grow, the more difficult does it 

 become to make improved combinations of actions. There is 

 an increase of the forces which tend to fix, and a decrease of 

 the forces which tend to unfix ; until the fully-structured 

 social organism, like the fully-structured individual organism, 

 becomes no longer adaptable. 



445. In a living animal, formed as it is of aggregated 



