2G8 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



tribes of savages, and once common among tribes from which 

 civilized nations have descended, we still see the same trait: 

 any augmentation of the group which takes place, is an indi 

 rect result of individual appropriations and reproductions. 



Contrariwise, in more advanced stages the struggle between 

 societies is, not to appropriate one another s means of sus- 

 tentation and multiplication, but to appropriate one another 

 bodily. Which society shall incorporate other societies with 

 itself, becomes the question. Under one aspect, the history 

 of large nations is a history of successes in such struggles ; 

 and down to our own day nations are being thus enlarged. 

 Part of Italy is incorporated by France ; part of France is 

 incorporated by Germany-; part of Turkey is incorporated by 

 Russia ; and between Russia and England there appears to 

 be a competition which shall increase most by absorbing 

 uncivilized and semi-civilized peoples. 



Thus, then, with social organisms as with individual 

 organisms, it is through the struggle for existence, first, by 

 appropriating one another s means of growth, and then by 

 devouring one another, that there arise those great aggre 

 gates which at once make possible high organization, and 

 require high organization. 



449. Political integration is in some cases furthered, and 

 in other cases hindered, by conditions, external and internal. 

 There are the characters of the environment, and there are 

 the characters of the men composing the society. We will 

 glance at them in this order. 



How political integration is prevented by an inclemency 

 of climate, or an infertility of soil, which keeps down popu 

 lation, was shown in 14 21. To the instances there 

 named may be added that of the Seminoles, who &quot;being so 

 thinly scattered over a barren desert, they seldom assemble 

 to take black drink, or deliberate on public matters ;&quot; and, 

 again, that of certain Snake Indians, of whom School craft 

 says, &quot; the paucity of game in this region is, I have little 



