POLITICAL INTEGRATION. 271 



impossibility or possibility of political integration largely 

 depends. There must be added, as also influential, the 



presence or the absence of the nomadic instinct. Varieties 

 of men whose wandering habits have been unchecked during 

 countless generations of hunting life and pastoral life, show 

 us that even when forced into agricultural life, their tendency 

 ( o move about greatly hinders aggregation. It is thus among 

 the hill-tribes of India. &quot; The Kookies are naturally a mi 

 gratory race, never occupying the same place for more than 

 two or, at the utmost, three years ;&quot; and the like holds of the 

 Mishmees, who &quot; never name their villages :&quot; the existence of 

 them being too transitory. In some races this migratory 

 instinct survives and shows its effects, even after the forma 

 tion of populous towns. Writing of the Bachassins in 1812, 

 Burchell says that Litakun, containing 15,000 inhabitants, 

 had been twice removed during a period of ten years. 

 Clearly, peoples thus characterized are less easily united into 

 large societies than peoples who love their early homes. 



Concerning the intellectual traits which aid or impede the 

 cohesion of men into masses, I may supplement what was 

 said when delineating &quot;The Primitive Man Intellectual,&quot; 

 by two corollaries of much significance. Social life being co 

 operative life, presupposes not only an emotional nature 

 fitted for. cooperation, but also such intelligence as perceives 

 the benefits of cooperation, and can so regulate actions as to 

 effect it. The unreflectiveness, the deficient consciousness of 

 causation, and the lack of constructive imagination, shown by 

 the uncivilized, hinder combined action to a degree difficult to 

 believe until proof is seen. Even the semi-civilized exhibit 

 in quite simple matters an absence of concert which ia 

 astonishing.* Implying, as this does, that cooperation can 



* The behaviour of Arab boatmen on the Nile displays, in a striking way, 

 this inability to act together. When jointly hauling at a rope, and begin 

 ning to chant, the inference one draws is that they pull in time with their 

 words. On observing, however, it turns out that their efforts are not com 

 bined at given intervals, but are put forth without any unity of rhythm. 

 Similarly when 7asing their poles to push the dahabeiah off a sand-bank, the 

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