POLITICAL INTEGRATION. 281 



and reinforce them by some which historic peoples have 

 supplied. There is the fact that in primitive Egypt, the 

 numerous small societies (which eventually became the 

 &quot; nomes &quot;) first united into the two aggregates, Upper Egypt 

 and Lower Egypt, which were afterwards joined into one ; 

 and the fact that in ancient Greece, villages became united to 

 form towns before the towns became united into states, while 

 this change preceded the change which united the states with 

 one another ; and the fact that in the old English period, 

 small principalities were massed into the divisions constitut 

 ing the Heptarchy, before these passed into something like a 

 whole. It is a principle in physics that, since the 



force with which a body resists strains increases as the squares 

 of its dimensions, while the strains which its own weight 

 subject it to increase as the cubes of its dimensions, its power 

 of maintaining its integrity becomes relatively less as its 

 mass becomes greater. Something analogous may be said of 

 societies. Small aggregates only can hold together while 

 cohesion is feeble ; and successively larger aggregates become 

 possible only as the greater strains implied are met by that 

 greater cohesion which results from an adapted human nature 

 and a resulting development of social organization. 



452. As social integration advances, the increasing aggre 

 gates exercise increasing restraints over their units a truth 

 which is the obverse of the one just set forth, that the main 

 tenance of its integrity by a larger aggregate implies greater 

 cohesion. The forces by which aggregates keep their units 

 together are at first feeble ; and becoming strenuous at a 

 certain stage of social evolution afterwards relax or rather, 

 change their forms. 



Originally the individual savage gravitates to one group or 

 other, prompted by sundry motives, but mainly by the desire 

 for protection. Concerning the Patagonians, we read that no 

 one can live apart : &quot; if any of them attempted to do it, they 

 would undoubtedly be killed, or carried away as slaves, as 



