284 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



nomadic to the settled state partially implies this ; since 

 each person becomes in a considerable degree tied by his 

 material interests. Slavery, too, effects in another way this 

 binding of individuals to locally-placed members of the 

 society, and therefore to particular parts to it; and, where 

 serfdom exists, the same thing is shown with a difference. 

 But in highly-integrated societies, not simply those in 

 bondage, but others also, are tied to their localities. Of the 

 ancient Mexicans, Zurita says : &quot; The Indians never changed 

 their village nor even their quarter. This custom was 

 observed as a law.&quot; In ancient Peru, &quot; it was not lawful for 

 any one to remove from one province, or village, to another ; &quot; 

 and &quot; any who travelled without just cause were punished as 

 vagabonds.&quot; Elsewhere, along with that development of the 

 militant type accompanying aggregation, there have been 

 imposed restraints on transit under other forms. Ancient 

 Egypt had a system of registration ; and all citizens periodi 

 cally reported themselves to local officers. &quot; Every Japanese 

 is registered, and whenever he removes his residence, the 

 ISTanushl or head man of the temple gives a certificate.&quot; 

 And then in despotically-governed European countries we 

 have passports-systems, hindering the journeys of citizens 

 from place to place, and in some cases preventing them from 

 going abroad. 



In these, as in other respects, however, the restraints which 

 the social aggregate exercises over its units, decrease as the 

 industrial type begins greatly to qualify the militant type ; 

 partly because the (societies characterized by industralism are 

 amply populous, and have superfluous members to fill the 

 places of those who leave them, and partly because, in the 

 al.uence of the oppressions accompanying a militant regime, a 

 sufficient cohesion results from pecuniary interests, family 

 bonds, and love of country. 



453. Thus, saying nothing for the present of that political 

 evolution manifested by increase of structure, and restricting 



