POLITICAL INTEGRATION. 285 



ourselves to that political evolution manifested by increase of 

 mass, here distinguished as political integration, we find that 

 this has the following traits. 



&quot;While the aggregates are small, the incorporation of 

 materials for growth is carried on at one another s expense in 

 feeble ways by taking one another s game, by robbing one 

 another of women, and, occasionally by adopting one another s 

 men. As larger aggregates are formed, incorporations pro 

 ceed in more wholesale ways ; first by enslaving the separate 

 members of conquered tribes, and presently by the bodily 

 annexation of such tribes, with their territory. And as com 

 pound aggregates pass into doubly and trebly compound 

 ones, there arise increasing desires to absorb adjacent smaller 

 societies, and so to form still larger aggregates. 



Conditions of several kinds further or hinder social growth 

 and consolidation. The habitat may be fitted or unfitted for 

 supporting a large population ; or it may, by great or small 

 facilities for intercourse within its area, favour or impede co 

 operation ; or it may, by presence or absence of natural 

 barriers, make easy or difficult the keeping together of the 

 individuals under that coercion which is at first needful. 

 And, as the antecedents of the race determine, the indi 

 viduals may have in greater or less degrees the physical, 

 the emotional, and the intellectual natures fitting them for 

 combined action. 



While the extent to which social integration can in each 

 case be carried, depends ii: part on these conditions, it also 

 depends in part upon the degree of likeness among the units. 

 At first while the nature is so little moulded to social life 

 that cohesion is small, aggregation is largely dependent on 

 ties of blood : implying grea f - degrees of likeness. Groups in 

 which such ties, and the resulting congruity, are most 

 marked, and which, having family traditions in common, a 

 common male ancestor, and a joint worship of him, are in 

 these further ways made alike in ideas and sentiments, are 

 groups in which the greatest social cohesion and power of co- 



