POLITICAL INTEGRATION. 287 



united parts. In the first place there is the slow disappear 

 ance of those non- topographical divisions arising from rela 

 tionship, as seen in separate gentes and tribes : gradual inter 

 mingling destroys them. In the second place, the smaller 

 local societies united into a larger one, which at first retain 

 their separate organizations, lose them by long cooperation : 

 a common organization begins to ramify through them. And 

 in the third place, there simultaneously results a fading of 

 their topographical bounds, and a replacing of these by 

 the new administrative bounds of the common organiza 

 tion. Hence naturally results the converse truth, 

 that in the course of social dissolution the great groups 

 separate first, and afterwards, if dissolution continues, these 

 separate into their component smaller groups. Instance the 

 ancient empires successively formed in the East, the united 

 kingdoms of which severally resumed their autonomies when 

 the coercion keeping them together ceased. Instance, again, 

 the Carolingian empire, which, first parting into its large 

 divisions, became in course of time further disintegrated by 

 subdivision of these. And where, as in this last case, the 

 process of dissolution goes very far, there is a return to some 

 thing like the primitive condition, under which small preda 

 tory societies are engaged in continuous warfare with like 

 small societies around them. 



