CHAPTER IV. 



POLITICAL DIFFERENTIATION. 



454. As was pointed out in First Principles, 154, it is 

 true of a social aggregate, as of every other aggregate, that 

 the state of homogeneity is an unstable state; and that 

 where there is already some heterogeneity, the tendency is 

 towards greater heterogeneity. 



Lapse from homogeneity, however, or rather, the increase 

 of such heterogeneity as usually exists, requires that the 

 parts shall be heterogeneously conditioned ; and whatever 

 prevents the rise of contrasts among the conditions, prevents 

 increase of heterogeneity. One of the implications is that 

 there must not be continual changes in the distribution of 

 the parts. If now one part and now another, occupies the 

 same position in relation to the whole, permanent structural 

 differences cannot be produced. There must be such cohesion 

 among the parts as prevents easy transposition. 



We see this truth exemplified in the simplest individual 

 organisms. A low Blrizopod, of which the substance has a 

 mobility approaching to that of a liquid, remains almost 

 homogeneous ; because each part is from moment to moment 

 assuming new relations to other parts and to the environ 

 ment. And the like holds with the simplest societies. 

 Concerning the members of the small unsettled groups of 

 Fuegians, Cook remarks that &quot; none was more respected than 

 another.&quot; The Yeddahs, the Andamanese, the Australians, 

 the Tasmanians, may aLo be instanced as loose assemblages 



