POLITICAL DIFFERENTIATION. 291 



passe? into a political relation, such that men and women 

 become, in militant groups, the ruling class and the subject 

 class ; so does the relation between master and slave, origin 

 ally a domestic one, pass into a political one as fast as, by 

 habitual war, the making of slaves becomes general. It is 

 with the formation of a slave-class, that there begins that 

 political differentiation between the regulating structures and 

 the sustaining structures, which continues throughout all 

 higher forms of social evolution. 



Kane remarks that &quot; slavery in its most cruel form exists 

 among the Indians of the whole coast from California to 

 Behring s Straits, the stronger tribes making slaves of all the 

 others they can conquer. In the interior, where there is but 

 little warfare, slavery does not exist.&quot; And this statement 

 does but exhibit, in a distinct form, the truth everywhere 

 obvious. Evidence suggests that the practice of enslavement 

 diverged by small steps from the practice of cannibalism. 

 Concerning the ISTootkas, we read that &quot; slaves are occasion 

 ally sacrificed and feasted upon;&quot; and if we contrast this 

 usage with the usage common elsewhere, of killing and 

 devouring captives as soon as they are taken, we may infer 

 that the keeping of captives too numerous to be immediately 

 eaten, with the view of eating them subsequently, leading, as 

 it would, to the employment of them in the meantime, caused 

 the discovery that their services might be of more value 

 than their flesh, and so initiated the habit of preserving 

 them as slaves. Be this as it may, however, we find that 

 very generally among tribes to which habitual militancy has 

 given some slight degree of the appropriate structure, the 

 enslavement of prisoners becomes an established habit. That 

 women and children taken in war, and such men as have not 

 1&amp;gt;een slain, naturally fall into unqualified servitude, is mani 

 fest. They belong absolutely to their captors, who might 

 have killed them, and who retain the right afterwards to kill 

 them if they please. They become property, of which any 

 use whatever may be made. 



