POLITICAL DIFFERENTIATION. 301 



extends to the upper classes. In the Sandwich Islands the 

 flesh of such animals as they have, is eaten principally by 

 the chiefs. Of cannibalism among the Fijians, Seeman says 

 &quot; the common people throughout the group, as well as 

 women of all classes, were by custom debarred from it.&quot; 

 These instances sufficiently indicate the contrast that every 

 where arises between the diets of the ruling few and of the 

 subject many. Naturally by such differences in diet, and 

 accompanying differences in clothing, shelter, and strain on 

 the energies, are eventually produced physical differences. 

 Of the Fijians we read that &quot; the chiefs are tall, well made, 

 and muscular ; while the lower orders manifest the meagre- 

 ness arising from laborious service and scanty nourish 

 ment,&quot; The chiefs among the Sandwich Islanders &quot; are tall 

 and stout, and their personal appearance is so much superior 

 to that of the common people, that some have imagined them 

 a distinct race.&quot; Ellis, verifying Cook, says of the Tahitians, 

 that the chiefs are, &quot; almost without exception, as much 

 superior to the peasantry ... in physical strength as they 

 are in rank and circumstances ;&quot; and Erskine notes a parallel 

 contrast among, the Tongans. That the like holds of the 

 African races may be inferred from Eeade s remark that 

 &quot; The court lady is tall and elegant ; her skin smooth and transparent j 

 her beauty has stamina and longevity. The girl of the middle classes, so 

 frequently pretty, is very often i-hort and coarse, and soon becomes a 

 matron ; while, if you descend to the lower classes, you will find good 

 looks rare, and the figure angular, stunted, sometimes almost de 

 formed.&quot;* 



Simultaneously there arise between rulers and ruled, un- 

 likenesses of bodily activity and skill. Occupied, as those of 

 higher rank commonly are, in the chase when not occupied 

 in war, they have a life-long discipline of a kind conducive 

 to various physical superiorities ; while, contrariwise, those 

 occupied in agriculture, in carrying burdens, and in other 



* &quot;While writing I find, in the re-entry -issued &quot; Transactions of the Anthro 

 pological Institute,&quot; proof that even now in England, the professional classes 

 UJTC both taller and heavier than the artizan classes. 



