POLITICAL DIFFERENTIATION 1 . 309 



Tliis conduces to inequalities of position arid wealth between 

 near kindred and remote kindred ; and such inequalities once 

 initiated, tend to increase ; since it results from them that 

 the superior get greater means of maintaining their power 

 by accumulating appliances for offence and defence. 



Such differentiation is augmented, at the same time that a 

 new differentiation is set up, by the immigration of fugitives 

 who attach themselves to the most powerful member of the 

 group : now as dependants who work, and now as armed 

 followers armed followers who form a class bound to the 

 dominant man and unconnected with the land. And since, 

 in clusters of such groups, fugitives ordinarily flock most to 

 the strongest group, and become adherents of its head, they 

 are instrumental in furthering those subsequent integrations 

 and differentiations which conquests bring about. 



Inequalities of social position, bringing inequalities in the 

 supplies and kinds of food, clothing, and shelter, tend to 

 establish physical differences ; to the further advantage of the 

 rulers and disadvantage of the ruled. And beyond the 

 physical differences, there are produced by the respective 

 habits of life, mental differences, emotional and intellectual, 

 strengthening the general contrast of nature. 



When there come the conquests which produce compound 

 societies, and, again, doubly compound ones, there result 

 superpositions of ranks. And the general effect is that, while 

 the ranks of the conquering society become respectively 

 higher than those which existed before, the ranks of the con 

 quered society become respectively lower. 



The class-divisions thus formed during the earlier stages 

 of militancy, are traversed and obscured as fast as many 

 small societies are consolidated into one large society. Hanks 

 referring to local organization are gradually replaced by ranks 

 referring to general organization. Instead of deputy and 

 sub-deputy governing agents who are the militant owners of 

 the sub-divisions they rule, there come governing agents who 

 more or less clearly form strata running throughout the 



