POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



when the need for joint action is imperative, and control ig 

 required to make it efficient. Instead of recalling before- 

 named examples of temporary chieftainship, I may here give 

 some others. Of the Lower Californians we read &quot; In hunt 

 ing and war they have one or more chiefs to lead them, who 

 are selected only for the occasion.&quot; Of the Elatheads chiefs 

 it is said that &quot; with the war their power ceases. * Among 

 the Sound Indians the chief &quot;has no authority, and only 

 directs the movements of his band in warlike incursions.&quot; 



As observed under another head, this primitive insubordi 

 nation has greater or less play according as the environment 

 and the habits of life hinder or favour coercion. The Lower 

 Californians, above instanced as chiefless, Baegert says 

 resemble &quot; herds of wild swine, which run about according 

 to their own liking, being together to-day and scattered to 

 morrow, till they meet again by accident at some future time.&quot; 

 &quot; The chiefs among the Chipewyans are now totally without 

 power,&quot; says Franklin; and these people exist as small 

 migratory bands. Of the Abipones, who are &quot; impatient of 

 agriculture and a fixed home,&quot; and &quot; are continually moving 

 from place to place,&quot; Dobrizhoffer writes &quot;they neither revere 

 their cacique as a master, nor pay him tribute or attendance 

 as is usual with other nations.&quot; The like holds under like 

 conditions with other races remote in type. Of the Bedouins 

 Burckhardt remarks &quot; the sheikh lias no fixed authority ;&quot; and 

 according to another writer &quot; a chief, who has drawn the bond 

 of allegiance too tight, is deposed or abandoned, and becomes 

 a mere member of a tribe or remains without one.&quot; 



And now, having noted the original absence of political 

 control, the resistance it meets with, and the circumstances 

 which facilitate evasion of it, we may ask what causes aid its 

 growth. There are several ; and chieftainship becomes settled 

 in proportion as they cooperate. 



472. Among the members of the primitive group, slightly 

 unlike in various ways and degrees, there is sure to be some 



