342 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



respect. Sharpe remarks of ancient Egypt that &quot; here as in 

 Persia and Judsea the king s mother often held rank above his 

 wife.&quot; In China, notwithstanding the inferior position of 

 women socially and domestically, there exists this supremacy 

 of the female parent, second only to that of the male parent ; 

 and the like holds in Japan. As supporting the inference 

 that subjection to parents prepares the way for subjection to 

 rulers, I may add a converse fact. Of the Coroados, whose 

 groups are so incoherent, we read that 



&quot; The paje, however, has as little influence over the will of the multi 

 tude as any other, for they live without any bond of social union, 

 neither under a republican nor a patriarchial form of government. 

 Even family ties are very loose among them .... there is no 

 regular precedency between the old and the young, for age appears to 

 enjoy no respect among them.&quot; 



And, as re-inforcing this converse fact, I may call attention 

 to 317, where it was shown that the Mantras, the Caribs, 

 the Mapuchds, the Brazilian Indians, the Gallinomeros, the 

 Shoshones, the Navajos, the Californians, the Comanches, 

 who submit very little or not at all to chiefly rule, display a 

 filial submission which is mostly small and ceases early. 



But now under what circumstances does respect for age 

 take that pronounced form seen in societies distinguished by 

 great political subordination ? It was shown in 319 that 

 when men, passing from the hunting stage into the pastoral 

 stage, began to wander in search of food for their domesti 

 cated animals, they fell into conditions favouring the forma 

 tion of patriarchal groups. We saw that in the primitive 

 pastoral horde, the man, released from those earlier tribal 

 influences which interfere with paternal power, and prevent 

 settled relations of the sexes, was so placed as to acquire 

 headship of a coherent cluster : the father became by right 

 of the strong hand, leader, owner, master, of wife, children, 

 and all he carried with him. There were enumerated the 

 influences which tended to make the eldest male a patriarch ; 

 and it was shown that not only the Semites, Aryans, and 

 Turanian races of Asia have exemplified this relation between 



