POLITICAL HEADS CHIEFS, KINGS, ETC. 351 



the Cliibchas, we find a case in which magical power was 

 transferred to a successor though &quot; the cazique of Sogamoso 

 made known that he [Bochica] had left him heir of all his 

 sanctity, and that he had the same power of making rain 

 when he liked,&quot; and giving health or sickness (an assertion 

 believed by the people) ; yet this is an exceptional case. 

 Speaking generally, the chief whose relations with the other 

 world are those of a sorcerer does not transmit his relations ; 

 and he does not therefore establish a supernatural dynasty, as 

 does the chief of divine descent. 



478. And now, having considered the several factors 

 which cooperate to establish political headship, let us consider 

 the process of cooperation through its ascending stages. The 

 truth to be noted is that the successive phenomena which 

 occur in the simplest groups, habitually recur in the same 

 order in compound groups, and again in doubly-compound 

 groups. 



As, in the simple group, there is at first a state in which 

 there is no headship ; so, when simple groups which have 

 acquired political heads possessing slight authorities, are asso 

 ciated, there is at first no headship of the cluster. The 

 Chinooks furnish an example. Describing them Lewis and 

 Clarke say : &quot; As these families gradually expand into 

 bands, or tribes, or nations, the paternal authority is repre 

 sented by the chief of each association. This chieftain, how 

 ever, is not hereditary.&quot; And then comes the further fact, 

 which here specially concerns us, that &quot; the chiefs of the 

 separate villages are independent of each other : &quot; there is no 

 general chieftain. 



As headship in a simple group, at first temporary, ceases 

 when the war which initiates it ends ; so in a cluster of groups 

 which severally have recognized heads, a common headship at 

 first results from a war, and lasts no longer than the war. 

 Falkner says &quot; In a general war, when man}- nations enter 

 into an alliance against a common enemy,&quot; the Patagonians 

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