COMPOUND POLiITCAL HEADS. 369 



distinct forms of government military despotisms, feudal 

 monarchies, and rude republics : the rude republics being 

 those formed by &quot; the Bedouin tribes, the hill people, and the 

 jungle races.&quot; Clearly, the names of these last show that 

 they inhabit regions which, hindering by their physical 

 characters a centralized form of government, favour a more 

 diffused form of government, and the less decided political 

 subordination which is its concomitant. 



These facts are obviously related to certain others already 

 named. We saw in 17, and again in 449, that it is rela 

 tively easy to form a large society if the country is one within 

 which all parts are readily accessible, while it has barriers 

 through which exit is difficult ; and that, conversely, forma 

 tion of a large society is prevented, or greatly delayed, by 

 difficulties of communication within the occupied area, and 

 by facilities of escape from it. Here we see, further, that not 

 only is political integration under its primary aspect of in 

 creasing mass, hindered by these last-named physical condi 

 tions, but that there is hindrance to the development of a more 

 integrated form of government. The circumstances which 

 impede social consolidation also impede the concentration of 

 political power. 



The truth here chiefly concerning us, however, is that the 

 continued presence of the one or the other set of conditions, 

 fosters a character to which either the centralized political 

 organization or the diffused political organization is appro 

 priate. Existence, generation after generation, in a region 

 where despotic control has arisen, produces an adapted type 

 of nature ; partly by daily habit and partly by survival of 

 those most fit for living under such control. Contrariwise, in 

 a region favouring preservation of their independence by 

 small groups, there is a strengthening, through successive 

 ages, of sentiments averse to restraint ; since, not only are 

 these sentiments exercised in all members of a group 

 by resisting the efforts from time to time made to sub 

 ordinate it, but, on the average, those who most per- 



