396 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



which tends ever to concentrate directive power in fewer 

 hands, and, if continued, almost certainly changes them into 

 simple heads. Conversely, they are widened by industrialism. 

 This, &quot;by gathering together aliens detached from the restraints 

 imposed by patriarchal, feudal, or other such organizations ; 

 by increasing the number of those to be coerced in compa 

 rison with the number of those who have to coerce them ; by 

 placing this larger number in conditions favouring concerted 

 action ; by substituting for daily-enforced obedience, the daily 

 fulfilment of voluntary obligations and daily maintenance of 

 claims ; tends ever towards equalization of citizenship. 



