414 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



such consultative bodies as those described arise. Or, as we 

 see in our own colonies, societies may have been formed in 

 ways which have not fostered classes of land-owning militant 

 chiefs, and therefore do not furnish the elements out of which 

 consultative bodies, in their primitive shapes, are composed. 

 Under conditions of these kinds the assemblies answering to 

 them, so far as may be, in position and function, arise under 

 the influence of tradition or example ; and in default of men 

 of the original kind are formed of others generally, how 

 ever, of those who by position, seniority, or previous official 

 experience, are more eminent than those forming popular 

 assemblies. It is only to what may be called normal consulta 

 tive bodies which grow up during that compounding and re- 

 compounding of small societies into larger ones which war 

 effects, that the foregoing account applies ; and the senates, 

 or superior chambers, which come into existence under later 

 and more complex conditions, may be considered as homolo 

 gous to them in function and composition so far only as the 

 new conditions permit. 



