REPRESENTATIVE BODIES. 441 



to them, this, as it becomes a large component of the society, 

 makes its influence felt. The primary obligation to render 

 money and service to the head of the State, often reluctantly 

 complied with, is resisted when the exactions are great ; and 

 resistance causes conciliatory measures. There comes asking 

 assent rather than resort to compulsion. If absence of 

 violent local antagonisms permits, then on occasions when 

 the political head, rousing anger by injustice, is also weakened 

 by defections, there comes cooperation with other classes 

 of oppressed subjects. Men originally delegated simply 

 that they may authorize imposed burdens, are enabled as 

 the power behind them increases, more and more firmly to 

 insist on conditions ; and the growing practice of yielding to 

 their petitions as a means to obtaining their aid, initiates the 

 practice of letting them share in legislation. 



Finally, in virtue of the general law of organization that 

 difference of functions entails differentiation and division of 

 the parts performing them, there comes a separation. At 

 first summoned to the national assembly for purposes par 

 tially like and partially unlike those of its other members, 

 the elected members show a segregating tendency, which, 

 where the industrial portion of the community continues tc 

 gain power, ends in the formation of a representative body 

 distinct from the original consultative body. 



