258 



INDEX. 



Leibnitz, continuity and perfectibility, 20 ; 



scale of beings, 95; mutability of 



species, 96; man and the primates, 

 96. 



Lessing, law of development, 103. 



Linnaeus, characteristics, 128; fixity of 

 species, 129; new hybrids, 130; com- 

 parison with Buffon, 130; his method 

 of thought, 202. 



Lucretius, relations to Empedocles and 

 Epicurus, 60-62 ; survival of the fit- 

 test, 62 ; abiogenesis, 63, 



Lyell, exposition of Lamarckism, 233; 

 his views, 227. 



Man, Cr/^/«(7/;Anaximander, 34; Oken, 

 127. Slow development of, Anaximan- 

 der, 34; in the faculties and arts, 

 Lucretius, 64; in mental evolution. 

 Bruno, 80; relation to apes, Leibnitz, 

 96; E. Darwin, 147, Relation to 

 other primates, tool-bearing hands, 

 Bruno, 82 ; Leibnitz, 96 ; Kant, loi ; 

 unity of type. Herder, 104 ; Robinet, 

 121 ; Buffon, 134; Buffon and Helve- 

 tius, 140-141 ; tool-bearing hands, E. 

 Darwin, 141 ; Chambers, 216. Sum- 

 mit of Evolution, Aristotle, 49, 51, 52 ; 

 Robinet, 123 ; E. Darwin, 141. 

 Maillet, sudden transformations, no; 

 suddenly acquired characters, no; 

 uniformity, 112; marine and terres- 

 trial forms, 112. 



Matthew, principle of natural selection, 

 223. 



Matter, see Form. 



Maupertuis, psychic properties of matter, 

 113; heredity, 114; fortuitous varia- 

 tion, 115. 



Meckel, embryological evidence of Evo- 

 lution, 212. 



Metamorphosis, sudden transformation, 

 Duret, 108; Bonnami, 109; Kircher, 

 109; Maillet, no. 



Mutability of species, natural philoso- 

 phers upon, 88 ; Bacon, 91 ; Leibnitz, 

 96; Buffon, 132; Lamarck, 163; St. 

 Vincent, 205 ; embryological evi- 

 dence, Baer, 212. 



Oken, relation to the Greeks, 124; Ur- 

 Schleim, 125; abiogenesis, 126; cel- 

 lular theory, 126 ; origin of man, 127. 



Origin of species (see Mutability and 

 Evolution) by intercrossing, Bruno, 

 84; Linnaeus, 130; Herbert, 213. 



Owen, archetypal idea, 218; continuous 

 creation, 219; degeneration, 219 ; evi- 

 dences of Evolution, 220. 



Parmenides, 36. 



Pascal, influence of the Greeks, 17; 

 upon Evolution, 97. 



Pliny, natural history of, 58. 



Psychic properties of matter, attraction 

 and repulsion, Empedocles, 37 ; Mau- 

 pertuis, 113; Dider6t, 115. 



Robinet, scale, 121 ; man and apes, 121 ; 

 uniformity, 122 ;pre-existent germs, 32. 



Naudin, unity of type, 223 ; phylogeny, 

 224; environment, 224; finality, 224; 

 fixation of type, 524 ; artificial selec- 

 tion, 225. 



Saltatory Evolution, St. Hilaire, 200-201 ; 

 Chambers, 217; Darwin, 238; Hux- 

 ley, 238. 

 Scale of Ascent, from the polyps to rnan, 

 Aristotle, 48 ; Bruno, 81 ; continuity, 

 Leibnitz, 96; Kant, 102; Lessing, 

 103; Herder, 103; continuity. Bon- 

 net, 121; Robinet, 102; Buffon, 135 ; 

 Lamarck, 172. 

 Schelling, deductive character of his 

 philosophy, 105; philosophy of 

 nature, 104; influence upon St. 

 Hilaire. 197. 

 Segregation, similar in its results to arti- 

 ficial selection, Buffon, 136; Buch, 

 214; Darwin, 241. 

 Selection, Artificial, relation to Evolution, 

 Bacon, 92; Buffon, 136; segregation, 

 Buffon, 112; survival of the fittest, 

 Wells, 222; Naudin, 225; Darwin, 

 235; Natural Selection, see Survival 

 of the Fittest. 

 Serres, embryological evidence of Evolu- 

 tion, 212, 213. 

 Spencer, early publications, 215. 

 St. Vincent, life, 204 ; abiogenesis, 205 ; 

 fixity of type, 205 ; hereditary sta- 

 bility, 206. 

 St. Hilaire, Geoffroy, characteristics, 197 ; 

 sources of his opinions and method, 

 197 ; his special theories, 198 ; envi- 

 ronment, 199; anticipation of Dar- 

 winism, 199; 'saltatory Evolution,' 

 200; phylogeny and limited view of 



