— 32 — 



The prince of Tumapel in the eastern part of the island Java , whose country was 

 called Java par excellence by the Chinese, because it was in this part of the island 

 they chiefly traded ( ') , seems not to have recognised these claims ; he cut or tattooed 

 the face of the imperial envoy and sent him away in this ignominious state. It is 

 not stated in what year this happened , but we have seen already that Kublai , though 

 dating his reign back to 1260, did not become undisputed master of China before 

 1280, and as moreover he was not a man to brook an insult long, we may assume 

 that this envoy's visit to Java occurred not many years before 1292, when this expe- 

 dition was sent to revenge the outrage. 



The fleet sailed from Ch'üan-chou in Pukien and dicl not follow the accus- 

 tomed course along the coasts of Malacca and Sumatra, but kept further off, boldly 

 taking the shortest road to its destination." Por this reason the islands they passed on 

 the middle of their course, are not mentioned anywhere else, and we have not been able 

 to identify these with absolute certainty , but the fact of their coming near Karimata 

 shows sufficiently what must have been their course. They next came to an island 

 which they call Kö-lan or Kau-lan , where they went ashore to repair their vessels 

 and also made some smaller craft for entering the rivers ; we cannot again identify 

 this name , but as it was situated between Karimata ancl Karimon- Java , we may safely 

 say that it was Billiton. 



During this delay the political agents, who accompanied the army, went first to 

 Java , to see what could be done by negociations, and the army soon foliowed , going 

 first to the island Karimon -Java and next to a place on Java's coast, whïch is called 

 Tu-ping-tsuh. 



The latter name looks thoroughly un-Javanese and as it occurs only once in the 

 narrative, it may be that the Chinese characters, used for its transcript ioi ï , have 

 become corrupted. Later Chinese geographers and Chinese tradition in Java all agree 

 in identifying it with Tuban, in Rembang, on the north-coast of Java. 



At this place Tuban half the army was sent ashore, with orders to niarch to the 

 mouth of the river Pa-tsieh, whilst the other half proceeded in the fleet towards the 

 same destination, passing on its way the river Segalu (Sugalu), which must be the 

 same as is called Sedayu now. Pa-tsieh is the river of Samba va, at present called 

 Brantas or Kali-Mas, which is proved beyond any doubt by Chaugkn or Changkö (af- 

 terwards an important place for Chinese trade, will betreated separately, q. v.) being 

 situated on it, whilst it led also to the neighbourhoocl of Modjopail and to Daha in 



( 1 ) The name of Tumapel howevor is mentioned bj the Chinese also. On p. 23 il is said 

 that the palace of the king of Tumapel (Tumapan) was situated on the upper course ui' tkeSurabaya 

 river. We should say this was not quite correct, as the Mongol annv ascended this river as t'ar as 

 Daha in Kediri, but does not scem to have found it ou their way lustend of on wc have pvobablj 

 to read near, and this royal residenee m;i\ have heen situated nu the site of the presenl village of 

 Tumapel, on the upper course of Tangi river. 



