— 48 — 



lisheel themselves there; at the present day the rich people are Cantonese; 

 there are about a thousand families and the natives come in large numbers 

 from all places to trade here ; all kinds of golden articles , precious stones and 

 foreign goods are sold here in large qnantities and the people are very rich. 



Going southwards from these two villages a distance of about 7 miles 

 ( J ) one comes to Surabaya, where many rich people are also found. Here 

 are again about a thousand families, with Chinese amongst them. 



At the mouth of the river is an island, covered with luxuriant vege- 

 tation , where a large nuniber of longtailed monkeys live. A black old male 

 is the chief of them and an old native woman is always at his side. When 

 the women in this country are Avithout children, they prepare wine, rice, 

 fruit, cakes etc. and go to invoke the old rnonkey; when this old monkey 

 is favourably disposed, he eats something of Avhat is put before him and 

 then Iets the other monkeys fight for the rest. When all lias been eaten, 

 two of the monkeys come forward and copulate, after which the woman 

 goes home and forthwith becomes pregnant. If her offerings are refused, 

 she never has any children. This thing is very curious ( 2 ). 



Going from Surabaya in a small boat, to a distance of 70 a 80 li 

 (about 25 miles), one comes to a marketplace called Chang-ku ( 3 ); going 

 ashore here and walking southward for a day and a half, one comes to 

 Modjopait (''), Avhere the residence of the king is. In this place there are 

 about 2 a 3 hundred native families and seven or eight chiefs, who assist 

 the king. 



The climate is always warm as our summer and the rice ripens twice 

 a year, its grain is small and white. They have also sesamum and yellow 

 beans, but barley and wheat are not found. The country produces sapanwood , 

 diamonds, white sandalwood, nutmeg, long pepper, steel and tortoiseshell , 



(') Twenty li; the distances between Tuban, Grissé and Surabaya are decidedly underrated. 



( 2 ) About the origin of these monkeys the Hsing-ch'a Shêng-lan has the following legend: 

 //It is told that in the time of the Tang dynasty (618 — OOG) there was a family of more than 500 

 //souls of which men and women were equally bad. Once a Buddhist priest came to their house 

 //and having incantated them, he took water in his mouth and spurted it over them , when they were 

 //all changed into monkeys. Only one old woman was not transformed and remains until now at the place 

 //of her former abode. The natives and traders always prepare rice, areca-nuts, fruit and ol her eata- 

 // bles as offerings to them, when they fail to do this, they are sure to meet with bad luck." 



O 1§L "ftpf • Chaug-kö accordiug to the Fukicn pronunciation and writlen ^ ^Jft in the 

 account of the Yuan dynasty (v. above pag. 23). It is the ti'anscription of a nalive name and may 

 have been the present Changkir, on the left bank of the river uear the top ol' thé delta. 



O VtW ^f "ö to Moa-tsia-pah-i, a trauscriptioa by (,'hinese from Fukien, 



