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t'ien gate and the mother of the king was also entertained. After two days 

 this was repeated, and on this occasion the king was presented with a cap, 

 a girdle and a suit of clothes, whilst the king's mother, his uncle and the 

 rest, all got presents according to their rank. In the second month of the 

 next year the king took his leave, when the Emperor bestowed on him a 

 hundred ounces of gold, five hundred ounces of silver, paper-inoney to the 

 value of 3000 taels, 1500 strings of cash, four pieces flowered silk, eighteen 

 pieces other silk , three dresses of different kinds of silk, coverlets, mattrasses, 

 musquito-curtains and other furniture, all complete. 



From the year 1415 to the year 1425 they brought tribute four 

 times, but after that time their tribute-bearers became more rare. 



In the year 1530 one of the functionaries in the capital addressed a 

 memorial to the Emperor, stating that Siam, Champa, Liukiu, Java en Pu-ni 

 (Westcoast of Borneo) , when bringing tribute, all came by Tung-kwan (*), 

 and as often merchants had joined themselves to them in a clandestine way, 

 (which had been objected to by the Chinese authorities) , their tribute had 

 been discontinued for the greater part. In addition to this, during the period 

 Chêng-tê (1506-1521), the Franks (Portuguese) had been violently spreading 

 their bad influence and then the tribute had ceased altogether; a few years 

 afterwards the natives had tried to begin again, but it was evident that 

 the regard for the Chinese empire had suffered very much. 



This memorial was sent to the Censorate, which requested the Emperor 

 to keep the old rules and not to allow any departure from them. 



During the period Wan-li (1573 — 1619) the king of Pu-ni died without 

 posterity; his relatives fought for the throne and there was a great war in 

 the country ; at last all competitors were killed and then a daughter of the 

 late king was put on the throne. At that time there was a man from Chang- 

 chou in Fukien of the family Chang, who had before been made a datu ( 2 ) 

 in that country, which means in Chinese a high officer; he had fled on 

 account of those troubles , but when the queen came to the throne she called 

 him back. The daughter of this man had free access to the palace , but 

 her mind became insane and she falsely told that her father intended to re- 

 volt. The queen, hearing this, became afraid and sent people to take in- 

 formations from those of his household; the datu killed himself and as the 



O liC ^ü a P^ acc a ^^ e *° ^ eas * °^ banton. 



O üfl$ Ü? ^ a "^ u * *' or the Malay word Datu, a title inuch used amongst them. 



