32 



THE TREES AND SHRUBS [LECT. 



The Tceda of the ancients may perhaps be iden- 

 tified with the Pinus Miiyho of modern botanists, 

 the Torch Pine of the French, the Pmnilio, or Dwarf 

 Pine of old writers, indigenous in most mountainous 

 parts of Europe, more especially in France and 

 Germany, which is also a tree highly impregnated 

 in turpentine. 



Accordingly, we may with some degree of proba- 

 bility identify the species of Fir named by Pliny 

 and Theophrastus with the following modern 

 species : 



Leaves in pairs. 



in fives. 

 Solitary, evergreen. 



11 5 



Fascicled, deciduous. 



' Only mentioned once by Pliny, lib. xii. 40, as used in fumigations. 

 It seems rather rash to identify it, as Fraas has done, with the modern 

 Cembra. 



* Identified by Dr. Hooker with the Pinus Pence of Griesbach, 

 which that botanist had noted on Mount Peristeri in Macedonia, and 

 had considered as intermediate between P. cembra and P. strobus. 



The P. excelsa, so common in the Himalayas, has not been observed 

 nearer to Greece than Afghanistan, a distance of more than 2,200 

 miles. (Jour, of the Linn. Soc., vol. viii. No. 31.) 



