ii.] OF THE ANCIENTS. 39 



These are Juniperus communis, dpK.ev6os /jLiKpa ; 

 Juniperus oxycedrus, Kedpof fjiiKpa ; Juniperus phoe- 

 nicia, fipdOvs erepov ; Juniperus sabina, ftpdOvs. 



1. Juniperus communis loves cold places, and is 

 frequent on hilly places in north Italy. In Greece 

 it is found on the highest mountains, as at Athos 

 and Olympus. The ancient Greeks had no particu- 

 lar name for it, but designated it as dpKevdos jj.LKpa. 



2. Juniperus oxycedrus, a shrub of about six feet 

 in height, common all along the borders of the Me- 

 diterranean. To this the J. macrocarpa of Sibthorp 

 is very like, as well as J. rufescens of Link, which 

 grows in the south of Europe, from Portugal to 

 Macedonia and Thrace. The ancients called all 

 three KeSpo? or KtSpov. 



3. J. pkoenicia, or lycia, is a low shrub, like the 

 Savine, of which Dioscorides considers it a variety, 

 with a strong aromatic smell, common in Asia 

 Minor, Arabia, and Syria. 



4. J. sabina, indigenous on the southern and 

 northern slopes of the Alps, and more rarely on the 

 mountains of Greece, was termed by the ancients 

 PpdOvs. The ancients, it may be observed, called the 

 Juniper generally by the name of Cedar ; although 

 Pliny, as we have seen, distinguishes between the 

 two, saying that Phoenicia produces a small Cedar 

 which bears a strong resemblance to the Juniper. 



Now it is evident that none of the above cor- 

 respond with the description given by Pliny of the 

 larger kinds of Cedrus ; those from which the beams 

 of houses and the images of the gods were fabricated. 



