SUMMARY. xv 



sterile ; disk florets perfect. Achenes compressed, crowned by ring of 

 minute bristles. Flower-heads borne on terminal peduncles. In- 

 volucre globular ; bracts imbricate, deeply fringed. Leaves rough to 

 the touch, varying in form; lower leaves stalked, lobed, sublyrate; 

 upper, linear-lanceolate, entire or slightly toothed, sessile. Steins 

 erect, wiry, freely branched. Meadows, hedgerows. June, July, 

 August, September. Perennial. 



VALERIAN, VALERIAN A OFFICINALia. Nat. Ord., Valenanacets. 

 Calyx tube adnate with ovary, the border opening out after flowering 

 into a feathery pappus. Oorolla five-lobed, gibbous, small. Stamens 

 three. Ovary one-celled. Fruit dry, one-seeded, indehiscent. In- 

 florescence corymbose. Leaves pinnate or pinnatifid ; segments 

 lanceolate, deeply toothed, very variable in number; upper leaves 

 few, small, and of few segments; lower leaves on long foot-stalks. 

 Flowering-stems erect, simple, or very slightly branching. Damp 

 hedgerows, moist woods, sides of streams. June, July, August 

 Perennial. 



