SUMMARY. xi 



with the petiole expanded at base into two clasping ears; upper leaves 

 clasping and sessile. Stems erect, slightly branching. Bocks or woods, 

 and as an outcast from gardens. May, June, July. Perennial. 



FIELD THISTLE, CARDUUS ACANTHOIDES. Nat. Ord., Com- 

 positce. Florets all equal, crimson, tubular. Eeceptacle large, having 

 bristles between the florets. Achenes glabrous. Pappus of simple 

 hairs. Flower-heads often slightly drooping, globose, aggregated. 

 Involucre globose, clothed with linear, imbricated, sharply-pointed 

 bracts. Leaves pinnatifid, spinous, decurrent. Stem erect, prickly, 

 and fringed with decurrent bases of leaves. Waste lands and way- 

 sides. June, July, August. Annual. 



FRITILLARY, FRITILLARIA MELEAGRIS. Nat. Ord., Liliaceee. 

 Perianth petaloid, campanulate, of six distinct pieces ; nectariferous 

 depressions at base; ordinarily chequered, but sometimes white. 

 Stamens six, inserted at base of perianth. Style one, three-cleft 

 at apex. Fruit dry, capsular, three-celled. Stem single-flowered. 

 Leaves linear-lanceolate, alternate, parallel-veined. Eoot bulbous. 

 Meadows. April, May. Perennial. 



HEDGE MUSTARD, SISYMBRIUM OFFICINALE. Nat. Ord,, 

 Crucifercc. Calyx of four sepals, equal at base, slightly spreading. 

 Petals four, minute, yellow. Stamens six, tetradynamous. Ovary 

 one. Style one. Stigma entire. Pods tapering, pubescent, pressed 

 to main stalk, almost sessile, two-valved. Stem erect, rigid, tough, 

 freely branching. Leaves dull green, very variable in form, deeply 

 p'nnatifid, terminal portions often much larger than the laterals; 

 upper leaves hastate, but little divided. Waste places, roadsides. 

 June, July, August. Annual. 



YELLOW RATTLE, RIHNANTHUS CRISTA-GALLI. Nat. Ord,, 

 Scrophulariacece. Calyx greatly inflated, four-toothed, flattened, con- 

 tracted at mouth. Corolla irregular, monopetalous, deciduous ; upper 

 lip compressed, entire; lower lip spreading, three-lobed. Stamens 

 four, in pairs. Style one. Stigma two-lobed. Capsule two-celled, 

 flattened, orbicular. Flowers in axils of upper leaves, forming loose 

 spike. Leaves sessile, opposite, coarsely serrate, lanceolate, pronii- 



