MUSTARD FAMILY. Cruciferss. 



MUSTARD FAMILY. Cruciferce. 



The Latin name of this family, from Cmx, a cross, 

 arose from the resemblance of the four opposing petals 

 of its flowers to the form of a cross. There are also four 

 deciduous sepals, one pistil, and six stamens, two of 

 which are short; rarely there are less than six. The 

 flowers are generally small and not showy, but they 

 produce honey, and are accordingly frequently visited 

 by the honeybees, the smaller bees, and the brilliantly 

 colored flies of the family Syrphidce. 



A low woodland plant with inconspicu- 

 Crinkie:root 0r ous fl wers 1 inch wide, having four pet- 

 Dentaria als and many yellow stamens. The basal 



diphylla leaves long-stemmed, three-lobed, and 



white toothed, the two upper stem-leaves similar 



and opposite ; all smooth. The flowers 

 borne in a small terminal cluster. The slender seed- 

 pods one inch long. The long root is wrinkled, toothed, 

 and is edible, possessing a pleasant pungent flavor, like 

 watercress. 8-13 inches high. In rich woodlands and 

 damp meadows, from Me., south to S. Car., west to Minn. 

 A similar species, but with the leaves 

 Toothwort deeply cut into narrow lobes, sharply and 

 Dentaria coarsely toothed ; three are borne upon 



laciniata the smooth, or sparingly woolly stem not 



White or far be i ow the flower-cluster. The basal 



A " 'l-M leaves are developed after the flowering 



time. The flowers are often faintly tinged 

 with magenta-pink. Root also peppery. Common every- 

 where in moist woods or on the borders of thickets. 

 S in Cress A smooth and less conspicuous, slender 

 Cardamine plant found beside springs, or in wet 

 rhomboidea meadows, with somewhat angularly round 

 White root-leaves, and sparingly coarse-toothed, 



April-May oyate stem . leaveSt The fl ow ers, like tooth- 

 wort, ^ inch broad, succeeded by a long beanlike pod. 

 6-16 inches high. Common every where. Thevar.pwr- 

 purea, with magenta-purple flowers, has a slightly 

 woolly stem, and blooms a little earlier. Western N. Y., 

 south to Md., and west to Wis. and S. Dak. 

 166 



