MADDER FAMILY. Rubiaceae. 



in the mountains) to Ga. and Ala., and west to Ark. 

 The var. ciliolata has thicker leaves \ inch long, with 

 the edges conspicuously hairy -fringed, and flowers in 

 small clusters. 5-7 inches high. On the rocky shores 

 of the Great Lakes, and south in woodlands to Pa., West 

 Va., Ky., and Ark. ; with various intergrading forms 

 passing to the var. longifolia, which has thinner, linear 

 and acute leaves, often a full inch long ; the root- leaves 

 are not hairy-fringed. 5-18 inches high. From Me., 

 south to Ga., and west to Minn, and Mo. Frequent in 

 the Lake Champlain Valley. 



A little trailing vine with dark green 

 Partridgeberry 



Twinberry evergreen leaves green-white-veined and 

 Mitchella wide, slightly heart-shaped at the base. 



repens The commonly four-lobed twin flowers 



Cream white (sometimes conjoined with 8-10 lobes) are 

 May -June cream white and fine-hairy inside, but 

 faint crimson-pink and smooth outside ; 

 they terminate the short branches, and are two-formed, 

 i. e., staminate (with abortive pistil) and pistillate (with 

 abortive stamens). Cross-fertilized by the same insects 

 which visit the Mayflower and Houstonia. 6-12 inches 

 long. In woods from Me., south, and west to Minn., 

 Ark., and Tex. Named for Dr. John Mitchell. 

 Yellow A slender > rather erect, perennial herb 



Bedstraw naturalized from Europe, with a smooth, 



Galium verum squarish stem a trifle woody at the base. 

 Yellow The narrow, linear, rough, light green 



May-August i eaveS) m c i rc les of 6-8, are about an inch 

 long. The tiny, yellow, four-lobed flowers are in small 

 terminal clusters, or at the leaf-angles. 8-30 inches 

 long. In dry waste places and borders of fields. Me., 

 occasional in Vt., south to N. J., near the coast. 



An annual species with the usual weak 

 Goosegrass reclining stem characteristic of the Gali- 

 Galiumaparine urns, which hangs upon shrubbery by 

 White means of the backward-hooked prickles of 



May-August both le&f &nd gtem The bmnt lance . 



shaped, light green leaves with roughened edge and rib 



are nearly 2 inches long, and set in a circle of 6-8. 



About two tiny white flowers are borne on a stalk. Fruit 



442 



