Xl INTRODUCTION 



§§ Ovary syncarpous ; carpels many ; ovules many. 



Order 3. Nymphcedcece. (The Water-lily Family). — Water- 

 plants with floating leaves ; solitary, large polysymmetnc flowers ; 

 petals many, gradually passing into stamens ; stamens indefinite ; 

 carpels enclosed in cup-like disk; ovules superficial, (p. 21.) 



Order 4. Papaverdcece (The Poppy Family). — Herbs with 

 milky juice ; scattered leaves ; conspicuous polysymmetric 

 flowers ; sepals 2, caducous ; petals 4 ; stamens indefinite ; ovules 

 superficial or parietal ; fruit capsular, (p. 24.) 



§§§ Ovary syncarpous, 1 — 2-chambered ; carpels 2 — 5 ; ovules 

 parietal. 



Order 5. Fumaridcecz (The Fumitory Family). — Herbs with 

 watery juice ; divided leaves ; flowers in bracteate racemes, 

 monosymmetric ; sepals 2 j petals 4, the inner pair coherent ; 

 stamens 4, diadelphous ; carpels 2 ; ovary one-chambered, 

 (p. 29.) 



Order 6. Cruciferce (The Cabbage Family). — Herbs, often 

 pungent, with scattered, exstipulate, simple leaves; flowers in 

 ebracteate racemes, polysymmetric ; sepals 4 ; petals 4 ; stamens 

 6, tetradynamous ; carpels 2 ; ovary two-chambered ; fruit a 

 siliqua. (p. 31.) 



Order 7. Reseddcece (The Mignonette Family). — Herbs, with 

 scattered, exstipulate leaves ; flowers greenish, in bracteate 

 racemes, monosymmetric; sepals 4 — 7, persistent; petals 4— 7; 

 stamens indefinite ; carpels 3 ; ovary one-chambered, (p. 59.) 



Order 8. Cistinece (The Rock-Rose Family). — Undershrubs 

 with entire, opposite leaves ; conspicuous polysymmetric flowers ; 

 sepals 3 — 5 ; petals 5 ; stamens indefinite ; carpels 3 ; ovary one- 

 chambered, (p. 61.) 



Order 9. Violdcece (The Violet Family.) — Herbs with scat- 

 tered, stipulate, simple leaves ; flowers monosymmetric ; sepals 

 5 ; petals 5, i-spurred; stamens 5 ; carpels 3 ; ovary one-chambered; 

 ovules many. (p. 63.) 



Order 10. Polygaldcece (The Milkwort Family). — Herbs with 

 scattered, exstipulate, simple leaves ; flowers in racemes, mono- 

 symmetric ; sepals 5, the inner ones petaloid ; petals 3 — 5 ; 

 stamens 8, diadelphous ; carpels 2 ; ovary two-chambered ; ovults 

 2. (p. 66.) 



Order ii. Frankenidcea> (The Sea Heath Family). — A herb 

 with opposite, exstipulate leaves ; small, axillary, polysymmetric 

 flowers; sepals, petals, and stamens 4 — 6 each; carpels 2 — 5; 

 ovary one-chambered, (p. 67.) 



