xllV INTRODUCTION 



flowers, sometimes monosymmetric ; sepals 3 — 5 ; petals 3—5 ; 

 stamens 4 — 10 ; carpels 3 — 5 ; ovules 1 or many in each chamber, 

 (p. 228.) 



Order 38. Rubidcece (The Bedstraw Family). — Herbs with 

 whorled leaves and small polysymmetric flowers ; sepals, petals, 

 and stamens 4 — 6 each ; carpels 2, i-ovuled. (p. 234.) 



Order 39. Valeridnea (The Valerian Family). — Herbs with 

 opposite leaves and small asymmetric flowers ; sepals 3 — 5, often 

 pappose ; petals 3 — 5 ; stamens 1 or 3 ; carpels 3 ; ovary i-ovuled. 



(P- 239-) 



Ordsr 40. — Dipsdcecz (The Teazle Family). — Herbs with 

 opposite leaves and heads of small flowers, each with 4 or 5 petals 

 and 4 free stamens; ovary i-chambered and i-ovuled. (p. 243.) 



Order 41. Composites (The Composite Family). — Herbs with 

 heads of small flowers with tubular or ligulate corollas and 4 — 5 

 stamens with syngenesious anthers ; style 2-fid ; ovary 1 -chambered, 

 i-ovuled. (p. 246.) 



§ § Stamens on the ovary (epigynous) 

 Order 42. Campanuldcece (The Bellflower Family). — Herbs 

 with milky juice, scattered leaves, and usually conspicuous bluish 

 flowers ; sepals, petals, and stamens 5 each ; carpels 2 — 5 ; ovules 

 many ; placentation axile (p. 295.) 



Order 43. Vaccinidcea (The Cranberry Family). — Under- 

 shrubs with scattered, simple leaves ; small, drooping, reddish or 

 pink flowers, and edible berries ; sepals, petals, and carpels 4 — 5 

 each ; stamens 8 — 10. (p. 302.) 



Series 2. Hypbgynce. — Ovary superior, (pp. 304 — 407.) 



§ Stamens free (hypogynous) 



Order 44. Ericdcece (The Heath Family). — Trees, under- 

 shrubs, or herbs with opposite or whorled, evergreen leaves, and 

 small, often conspicuous polysymmetric flowers ; sepals, petals, and 

 carpels 4 — 5 each ; stamens 5 — 10. (p. 304.) 



Order 45. Monotrbfiece (The Bird's-nest Family). — A fleshy 

 yellowish saprophyte with scattered brown scale-leaves and bell- 

 shaped polysymmetric flowers ; sepals, petals, and carpels 4 — 5 

 each ; petals scarcely cohering ; stamens 8 — 10 ; fruit a capsule ; 

 seeds many. (p. 312.) 



§§ Stamens epipetalous l 

 Order 46. Plumbaginea (The Thrift Family). — Herbs, 

 mostly maritime, with radical leaves and small flowers ; sepals, 



1 Except in some Plantaginese and Illecebraceae. 



