XXX11 INTRODUCTION 



Inferior. 



9. Cypsela (Greek Mpsele, a chest), dry, one-seeded, and 

 indehiscent, as in the Composites, and often surmounted by a 

 downy pappus, as in Thistle-down. 



10. Nut, very similar, but generally larger and harder, as in the 

 Beech, Acorn, or Hazel. 



11. Cremocarp, dry and spli.ting into two nutlets, as in the 

 Umbellilerce (p. 191). 



12. Berry, succulent, as in the Gooseberry. 



13. Pome, succulent, with a tough core, as in the Apple, Haw- 

 thorn, Mountain Ash, and other members of the suborder 

 Pomacece of the Rosacea. 



Capsule of Pimpernel. 



The Seeds are only naked in such plants as the Yew and the 



Firs, which are, therefore, called Gymnospermia (naked-seeded). 



In other flowering plants they are enclosed in the fruit, and if the 



fruit is indehiscent they have commonly a brown bitter outer skin. 



The seeds of dehiscent fruits are more often conspicuously 

 coloured as in the Spindle-tree (p. 108); and they 

 are sometimes, as in the Willows, Poplars, Willow- 

 herbs, &c, furnished with tufts of hair, which aid 

 in their dispersal by wind. The most important 

 distinction among seeds for purposes of classifi- 

 cation is into dicotyledonous, having two opposite 

 Dicotyledonous lobes or seed-baves {cotyledons) with the primary 

 bud between them, and monocotyledonous, with 



only one such cotyledon. 



Other terms which are employed in the body of the work will 



be explained as they occur, or in the glossary at the end of the 



volume. 



