INTRODUCTION 



leaves ' and adventitious roots at its nodes. It generally grows 

 horizontally and is fleshy, as in Solomon's-seal and Iris ; but it 

 may be slender, as in Couch-grass and Sand-sedge. When the 



Common Ivy : a, a, aerial roots. 



Toothwort with scaly leaves and bracts (i). 



older portion dies away it has an abrupt or premorse (bitten off) 

 end, as in the Devil's-bit Scabious (p 245) and the Primrose. 



The sucker is a*branch, or secondary stem, given off under- 

 ground and rising to the surface, as in the Common Elm, Mints, 

 and Roses. 



