VIOLET FAMILY 65 



glabrous, radical, rosulate ; flowering-branches axillary ; flowers 

 scentless ; sepals acute ; auricles minute ; petals oblong, narrow, 

 lilac, lower with fewer parallel, nearly simple, veins at its base ; 

 spur blunt, compressed, not furrowed, usually darker than the 

 petal. — Common in copses and hedgerows. — Fl. April, May. 

 Perennial. 



6. V. Rivinidna (Dark Wood Violet). — Stem distinct, without 

 rhizome or runners ; leaves broadly heart-shaped, nearly glabrous, 

 radical, rosulate ; flowering-branches axillary ; flowers scentless ; 

 sepals acute ; auricles prominent, notched ; petals broadly obovate, 

 blue, lower with many branched dark veins at its base ; spur 

 blunt, thick, furrowed, usually yellowish-white. — More generally 

 distributed than the last, to which it is closely allied. — Fl. April, 

 May. Perennial. 



7. V. rupestris (Hill Violet). — A small compact plant, with 

 large flowers differing from the last mainly in the downiness of 

 the young leaves, flozver-s talks, and capsules ; is very rare, occur- 

 ring in upland pastures in Teesdale. — Fl. May, June. Biennial. 



8. V. canina (Dog Violet). — Primary and lateral stems length- 

 ening and flowering, but without runners ; leaves ovate-cordate, 

 acute ; flowers bluish-purple, scentless ; sepals acute ; spur obtuse, 

 yellow, longer than the auricles of the sepals. — Heaths and 

 sandy places ; common. The popular name of this species 

 implies a reproach for its want of perfume. — Fl. April, May. 

 Perennial. 



9. V. stagnina. — Rhizome slender, with runners; primary and 

 lateral stems flowering and elongating ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 

 subcordate ; petioles winged at the top ; stipules linear-lanceolate, 

 serrate ; petals pale lilac, or white ; spur very short, blunt. — 

 Turf- bogs ; rare. — Fl. May, June. Perennial. 



** Stipules leafy, pinnatifid. No cleistogene flowers 



10. V. tricolor (Pansy Heartsease). — Stem ascending, angular, 

 branched ; leaves long-stalked, ovate-oblong, crenate ; stipules 

 large, lyrately pinnatifid ; bracts minute, high up on the peduncle ; 

 petals spreading, unequal, pale yellow or purple, longer than the 

 sepals. — Cultivated fields, common. The cultivated varieties 

 are countless. — Fl. May — September. Annual. 



11. V. arvensis (Field Pansy). — An allied and almost equally 

 common form, differs chiefly in having erect, yellow or white 

 petals, which are not longer than the sepals. Annual. 



12. V. Curtisii, a rarer form, has a branched rhizome with 

 runners, the petals rather longer than the sepals, the upper purple, 



