274 



COMPOSITE 



10. S. palustris (Marsh Flea wort). — A stout plant, 2—3 feet 

 high, shaggy ; stem hollow ; leaves sessile, broadly lanceolate, half- 

 clasping, the lower ones wavy and toothed ; heads many, in a 

 crowded corymb ; with no outer scales to the involucre ; ray 

 spreading. — Fens in the eastern counties; rare. — Fl. June July. 

 Biennial. 



1 1. S. integrifolius (Field Fleawort). — A small, shaggy plant, 

 6 — 8 in. high, with an unbranched stem; radical leaves shortly 



stalked, oblong, nearly 

 entire ; caidine leaves 

 lanceolate ; heads 1 — 6 

 in a simple corymb. — 

 Chalky downs ; rare. — 

 Fl. May, June. Peren- 

 nial. 



12. S. spathulifolius 

 (Maritime Fleawort). — 

 An allied species, 1 — 3 

 feet high, shaggy and 

 unbranched, with spathu- 

 late radical leaves and 

 large, clasping cauline 

 leaves. — Occurs on rocks 

 near Holyhead. — Fl. 

 June, July. Biennial or 

 Perennial. 



13.* S. Cineraria, a 

 Mediterranean species, 

 with leaves densely 

 white-felted beneath, is 

 naturalised in co. Dublin, 

 where it hybridizes with 

 5. Jacob&a. 



CARLi.NA vulgaris (Common Carline Thistle). 2 1 ■ CaRLINA (Carline 



Thistle). — Stiff, spinous 

 plants ; leaves pinnatifid ; outer bracts leafy, spreading, with spinous 

 teeth, inner longer, narrow, chaffy ; receptacle flat, deeply pitted ; 

 florets all tubular ; corolla 5-toothed ; anthers tailed ; fruit silky, 

 with bifid hairs ; pappus in 1 row, branched and feathery. (Name, 

 the same as Carolina, from a tradition that the root of one species, 

 C. acaulis, was shown by an angel to Charlemagne as a remedy for 

 the plague which prevailed in his army.) 



1. C. vulgaris (Common Carline Thistle). — The only British 



